World TB Day

(Alexandra Fullem works for the Global Health Council)

Yesterday the Global Health Council, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation and the American Thoracic Society hosted a Congressional briefing in honor of World TB Day 2008. We learned from our 3 speakers more about the threat of MDR and XDR TB, more about the perfect storm of TB/HIV co-infection and about the great work that is being done in the push to find a vaccine. The speakers were Dr. Payam Nahid from the University of California, San Francisco, Thomas Kenyon from the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator and Sylvie Kwedie from the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation.

So, why is TB, an ancient disease, continuing to plague us after 5000 years? There are many reasons and the speakers outlined these for us. The first is poverty. The disease spreads quickly through the air and so we are all at risk, but those living in poverty even more so. The second is the rise of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. 1/3 of the population is carrying a latent form of TB. Once your immune system is compromised it becomes much more likely you will progress to active TB. In fact, TB is the leading cause of death for HIV patients with up to 40% of HIV deaths being TB related. The third reason that TB is still with us is poor TB control programs worldwide and poor laboratory capabilities, especially in endemic countries.

A fourth reason is that the drugs we are using to treat TB all date from the 1940’s, 50’s and 60’s.We are treating this disease with very old technology.

This, together with (more…)

Drug-Resistant TB Rate Rising

The World Health Organization (WHO) published their largest survey ever on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) on Tuesday. In summary, MDR-TB is more prevalent, and more in need of control, than ever.

“TB drug resistance needs a frontal assault. If countries and the international community fail to address it aggressively now we will lose this battle,” said Dr Mario Raviglione, Director of the WHO Stop TB Department. “In addition to specifically confronting drug-resistant TB and saving lives, programmes worldwide must immediately improve their performance in diagnosing all TB cases rapidly and treating them until cured, which is the best way to prevent the development of drug resistance.”

Read the full study here, some key findings below:

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• The WHO estimates that there are nearly 500,000 new cases of MDR-TB each year, about 5% of the approximately 9 million new cases of regular TB per year
• The highest rates of MDR-TB were found in countries in the former Soviet Union and China. China and India carry about half the global burden of MDR-TB and the former Soviet states another 7%. Rwanda had a noticeably high percentage of MDR-TB cases among TB patients (3.9%), but data on MDR-TB presence in Africa was rather limited in the study.
• Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), a virtually untreatable form of TB, has been recorded in 45 countries.
• Surveys in Latvia and the Ukraine found nearly twice the level of MDR-TB among TB patients living with HIV compared to those without. In South Africa, 44% of TB patients are estimated to be co-infected with HIV.
• MDR-TB and XDR-TB are progressively more expensive and difficult to treat.

The WHO estimates that $4.8 billion is needed for overall TB control in low and middle income countries in 2008, with $1 billion for MDR-TB and XDR-TB. There is a total finance gap for 2008 of $ 2.5 billion, including a $ 500 million gap for MDR-TB and XDR-TB.